A Comprehensive List of Animal Group Names

English is a strange language, and nothing is stranger than the variety of collective nouns assigned to groups of particular animals. For example, did you know that a collection of crows is called a murder? Or that a crowd of sloths is referred to as a bed?

Animal group names date back to medieval times when a list of collective terms for animals first appeared in The Book of Saint Albans, printed in 1486. This book, written by a nun named Juliana Barnes, covered the topics of hunting, fishing, and coats of arms, and it also included the first-ever list of collective nouns for every type of animal one could possibly imagine. Originally, these nouns were used primarily as hunting terms, but they have since extended into the everyday vernacular. Some of these terms, however, are so odd that you would likely only find them in literature or poetry.

Mammals and Marsupials

• Apes: troop or shrewdness
• Baboons: troop or flange
• Badgers: cete
• Bats: colony or cauldron
• Bears: sleuth or sloth
• Beavers: colony or family
• Bloodhounds: sute
• Boars: sounder
• Buffalo: obstinacy or gang
• Camels: caravan, flock, train, or herd
• Cats: clowder, pounce, glaring, or destruction (if they're wild)
• Cattle: mob
• Cheetas: coalition
• Colts: rag or rake
• Deer: herd or parcel
• Dogs: litter (if they're puppies), pack (if they're wild), or cowardice (if they're curs)
• Dolphins: pod
• Donkeys: pace
• Elephants: herd, parade, or memory
• Elk: gang
• Ferrets: business, hob (male), jill (female), kit (babies)
• Foxes: leash, skulk, or earth (this is the oddest of all group names in my opinion)
• Giraffes: tower
• Gnus: implausibility
• Goats: trip, drove, herd, flock, or tribe
• Gorillas: troop or band
• Hedgehogs: array
• Hippopotamuses: thunder or bloat
• Hyenas: clan or cackle

• Jaguars: prowl or shadow
• Kangaroos: mob or troop
• Kittens: kindle, litter, or intrigue
• Lemurs: conspiracy
• Leopards: leap
• Lions: pride or sawt
• Martens: richness
• Moles: labor
• Monkeys: troop or barrel
• Mules: pack, span, or barren
• Narwhals: blessing
• Otters: raft or romp
• Oxen: drove, team, yoke
• Pandas: embarrassment
• Pigs: drift, drove, sounder, team, or passel
• Polar Bears: pack, aurora, or celebration
• Porcupines: prickle
• Porpoises: turmoil, pod, school, or herd
• Prairie dogs: colonies or coteries
• Rabbits: colony, nest, warren, husk, down, or herd
• Raccoons: gaze, boars (group of males), sows (group of females)
• Rhinoceroses: stubbornness or crash
• Seals: harem
• Sloths: bed
• Squirrels: scurry or dray (a mother and her babies in a nest)
• Tigers: streak or ambush
• Whales: pod, gam, or herd
• Wolves: pack, rout, or route (when in movement)
• Wombats: wisdom
• Zebras: herd, zeal, or dazzle

Birds

• Albatross: rookery
• Bitterns: sedge
• Buzzards: wake
• Bobolinks: chain
• Coots: cover
• Cormorants: gulp
• Chickens: clutch
• Crows: murder, horde, unkindness, or conspiracy
• Dotterels: trip
• Doves: dule or pitying (used only for turtle doves)
• Ducks: brace, team, flock (when in flight), raft (when on water), paddling, or badling
• Eagles: convocation
• Falcons: cast
• Finches: charm
• Flamingos: stand or flamboyance
• Geese: flock, gaggle (when on the ground), or skein (when in flight)
• Grouse: pack (in late season)
• Hawks: cast, kettle (when in flight), or boil (when there are two or more spiraling in air)
• Herons: sedge or siege
• Hummingbirds: charm
• Jays: scold or party
• Lapwings: deceit
• Larks: exaltation
• Lyrebirds: musket
• Mallards: brace or sord (when in flight)
• Magpies: tiding, charm, or gulp

• Nightingales: watch
• Owls: parliament
• Parrots: pandemonium or company
• Partridge: covey
• Peacocks: ostentation or muster
• Pelicans: Pod or squadron
• Penguins: convent, tuxedo, colony, muster, parcel, or rookery
• Pheasants: nest, nide (a brood), nye, guff (in-flight), or bouquet (take-off)
• Plovers: congregation or wing (when in flight)
• Ptarmigans: covey
• Rooks: building
• Quail: bevy or covey
• Ravens: unkindness
• Seagulls: squabble
• Snipes: walk or wisp
• Sparrows: host
• Starlings: murmuration
• Storks: muster or mustering
• Swans: bevy, game, or wedge (when in flight)
• Teal: spring
• Thrushes: mutation
• Turkeys: gang or rafter
• Vultures: committee, kettle, or wake (refers to a group feeding on carcass)
• Woodcocks: fall
• Woodpeckers: descent

Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fish

• Alligators: congregation
• Barracudas: battery
• Cobras: quiver
• Crocodiles: bask
• Eels: bed
• Fish: draft, nest, run, school, or shoal
• Frogs: army
• Herring: army
• Iguanas: slaughter
• Komodo dragons: bank
• Rattlesnakes: rhumba

• Salamanders: maelstrom
• Salmon: run
• Sardines: family
• Sharks: shiver
• Snakes: nest, pit, or den
• Stingrays: fever
• Toads: knot
• Trout: hover
• Turtles: bale or nest
• Vipers: generation

Insects, Arachnids, and Other Animals

• Bees: grist, hive, or swarm
• Butterflies: kaleidoscope, flutter, or swarm
• Caterpillars: army
• Clams: bed
• Cockroaches: intrusion
• Crabs: cast or consortium
• Flies: business
• Grasshoppers: cloud
• Jellyfish: bloom, fluther, or smack
• Lobsters: risk
• Locusts: plague
• Mosquitoes: swarm or scourge
• Octopuses: consortium or rally
• Oysters: bed
• Snails: rout, walk, hood, or escargatoire
• Spiders: cluster
• Squid: audience
• Worms: bunch

People

Collective names are not unique to animals. Groups of people have odd collective names as well. Some examples include:

• Boys: blush
• Nuns: superfluity
• Cobblers: drunkship
• Merchants: faith
• Cooks: hastiness

There you have it, folks! You'll never have to guess as to which group name is correct again. And if you do, just say "a group of . . . "

In most instances, you'll want to use "a group of . . . " rather than the names on this list, since most of these terms are archaic and aren't very widely known. Your friends (and even teachers) might give you weird looks if you use these terms when speaking. This list is may prove essential, however, if you are writing and want to use terms with more flare. If I left anything out, please let me know in the comments below.