Medical Science

Leptin is a hormone with many effects. It can reduce appetite when necessary and help people with lipodystrophy. Exploring its behavior is important but challenging.

This article contains information concerning the OSHA permissible exposure limits (PELs) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit values (TLVs). Is one better than the other?

Plasma is the blood without blood cells. Serum is different from plasma mainly by the absence of fibrinogen and clotting factors II, V, and VIII. This article highlights the differences between plasma and serum.

This article is about ongoing research that is being done to find the cure for H.I.V.

The pelvis is made up of the sacrum and two ilium bones, with an array of supportive ligaments and muscles forcing it closed. An array of issues can manifest themselves causing pain or dysfunction of the pelvis. Sports, trauma, pregnancy and a sedentary lifestyle are all contributors to this.

Commonly known as the shoulder blade, the scapula is a relatively flat bone which articulates with both the humerus of the upper arm, forming the glenohumeral joint, and the clavicle (collar bone) forming the acromioclavicular joint.

COVID-19 is considered a pandemic as of March 2020, and though it has affected the world and cost so many lives, it is not as deadly as the ones on this list...so how does COVID-19 compare to the deadliest pandemics in history? Read on and find out..

Learn the main parts of the circulatory system and how each part works. This article includes topics about the systemic circulation of blood flow, blood composition, blood flow pressure, heartbeat, and the lymphatic system.

With COVID-19 being a global pandemic, this article addresses five possible misconceptions folks may have about this outbreak, its potential, and ways to remain safe.

Understanding history is important as a way of making sense of the present and planning for the future. In this article we will look at how various influenza pandemics have affected the world's population, its economy, political and cultural perceptions. History does not necessarily repeat itself.

This blog is about tattoos that are being invented to monitor peoples health and help manage disease.

It has been said by some experts that the golden age of medicine started sometime in the 1950s. Certainly today we are fortunate to enjoy advancements in medical treatments our grandparents could have never imagined. Unfortunately, for the people that lived in premodern times this was not the case.

A natural human function is frowned upon in polite society and causes gales of laughter among those of us whose development has been arrested.

Buckle up. Pushing the limits of science is about to get weird.

Drug allergies are an immune-mediated type of adverse drug reactions. Though these reactions are unpredictable for the most part, genetic polymorphisms of certain genes can predispose patients to allergy.

Link of common heartburn medicines with the risk of developing kidney injury has gained increased attention from the researchers in the past few years. A recent study reports, yet again, the link of these drug with kidney diseases. This article includes everything you need to know.

The completion of the Human Genome Project marked a dramatic shift in the understanding of cancer. As a result, the past decade has been one of exploration into novel approaches to treating cancer and new drug discovery, such as targeted cancer therapy.

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a highly contagious, infectious respiratory disease of cattle caused by Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1). It causes acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. There is no treatment currently, though vaccination is an effective preventative method.

Every day it seems like there's a new research study being talked about, but is that talk accurate? And why does today's study say the opposite to last week's? Improving your research literacy makes it easier to cut through the sensationalist headlines and understand what studies really mean.

Have you ever seen faces in random objects or in clouds? Read on to find out why.

Recently, someone told me that eating mangoes before using marijuana makes the high more intense. I decided to see what the literature has to say about that. Bottom line: Probably more auto-suggestion than chemistry.

Often, effects of a drug on a one’s weight depend on other reasons like aging, diet, medical history, activity, and insulin resistance. Medicines for diabetes, depression, mood disorders, high blood pressure, allergy, and some hormones are some of the meds known to be involved in causing weight gain

Influenza viruses have unpleasant and sometimes serious effects. Antibodies to flu viruses made by llamas may enable scientists to create a better treatment.

There are three main categories of contrast agents used in veterinary radiology: iodinated, barium sulfate, and negative contrast. Iodinated contrasts are subdivided into ionic and non-ionic. Negative contrasts are subdivided into room air, CO2, and NO.

The tongue is a unique part of the body, and it is a muscle that never tires. The future may see the tongue becoming a biometric authentication as each person’s tongue is totally unique. The way the taste buds work is explained. Potential problems reflected by the tongue is explained.

Capnography is the measurement and evaluation of the levels of CO2 in a patient’s exhaled breath, or the end-title CO2 (ETCO2). This is an important component of anesthesia because it helps the anesthetist evaluate the patient’s respiratory rate and the quality of the respirations.

This article will briefly discuss the uses, duration of action, side effects, adverse effects, contraindications, and more of the drugs acepromazine, ketamine, and propofol in veterinary anesthesia. Tips for achieving a better anesthetic experience when using these drugs are also discussed.

Most everyone has heard of the Five Second Rule, which says that a food is safe to eat after it's been dropped on the floor as long as you pick it up within 5 seconds. However, is this really true? What you are about to find out may shock you.

Why does drinking salty seawater only make humans more thirsty? How are the kidneys involved? What would happen if you only drank salt water for an extended period of time? This article explores all of these questions and more.

Blood type is an important factor to consider in transfusions in order to avoid incompatibility reactions. Scientists have removed antigens to create type O red blood cells.

This is no joke. In 2018, researchers recreated the brains from our ancient non-human cousins and want to study the lumps to understand the mysterious Neanderthal extinction event.

This is an example of a brief review of an article covering a current event in nursing. This is a common assignment to encounter in nursing school.

There are many medical advances that are available to trained orthopedic physicians that will heal an injury or chronic pain problem. This article describes the procedures, including stem cell therapy, prolotherapy, platelet rich plasma therapy and acupuncture. These procedures may prevent surgerie.

Hair loss is a frequently caused side effect of drugs but hair color is another adverse effect that is rare but bothersome. Black or brown hair changing to blond, greying or reddening of hair, and darkening of originally grey hair have been reported in many cases.

Human African trypanosomiasis is a significant tropical disease, affecting around 65 million people per year in over 30 countries. Treatment is particularly difficult as the parasite has evolved several mechanisms to evade and manipulate the host's immune system in order to survive in the host.

Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), otherwise known as sleeping sickness, affecting millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa.

Interstitial fluid bathes and supports cells. The interstitium is the space containing the fluid. Some scientists think that these spaces in the body are connected and form an organ.

The 'Spermbot' is the latest breakthrough in nanotechnology, but how does it work and what else could it be used for?

Bispecific antibodies can bind two different antigens simultaneously. With over 100 formats in the development it is one of the fastest growing class of investigational drugs.

Paneth cells are found in the glands of the small intestine and play an important role in keeping the intestinal lining healthy. Crohn's disease has been linked to problems in the cells.

Article answering: Does having a blood transfusion change your DNA? Transfusion cannot change your DNA but bone marrow transplants can change your DNA. So, Does a blood transfusion change your DNA and if so, will it be for the worse? Doubtful. Will a blood transfusion change your DNA in future?

Blood flukes (genus Schistosoma) parasitic flatworms which infect the organ systems of mammals. They are a serious concern in developing countries, with over 250 million cases recorded per year.

Giant viruses are huge entities compared to other viruses and are bigger than some bacteria. They can often be seen under a light microscope and have very large genomes.

Researchers have found that people with osteoarthritis seem to have a lower than normal level of FOXO proteins in their damaged joints. Increasing the protein level might help to treat the disease.

Giardia is an interesting parasite that causes an intestinal disease called giardiasis. Understanding the parasite's behavior may lead to better treatments for the disorder.

Estrogen replacement therapy have been in use for the treatment of osteoporosis and menopause symptoms. Studies suggest the effectiveness of HRT in preventing dementia if used near the menopause.

Link between neurodegenerative diseases and cancer is being studied since more than a decade. Many factors are known common in pathways resulting in these diseases.

Glaucoma is a vision problem caused by optic nerve damage. It often involves increased pressure in the eyeball. Research is continuing and may help to improve treatments.